Abstract: Silinda liner yedhiziri jenareta seti maviri e friction pairs anoshanda pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akaomarara senge tembiricha yakakwira, high pressure, mafuta asina kunaka, alternating loads, uye ngura.Mushure mekushandisa jenareta yedhiziri yakatarwa kwenguva yakati, panogona kunge paine cylinder blowby zviri pachena, kupisa kwemafuta ekuzora, uye kusakwana kwesimba, izvo zvinokonzerwa nekunyanyisa kupera kwecylinder.Kana kupfeka kwekutanga kunoitika pacylinder liner, zvinogona kukanganisa simba, hupfumi, uye hupenyu hwesevhisi yedhiziri jenareta seti.Mushure mekuita tsvakiridzo yemusika nekambani iyi, zvakaonekwa kuti vamwe vashandisi vakatenga majenareta edhiziri ayo asati asvika panguva yekugadziriswa.Nekudaro, akawanda majenareta seti akawana kukuvadzwa kusati kwasvika kune cylinder sleeve.Zvikonzero zvikuru zveizvi ndezvekuti ivo havana kunyatsotevera kuchengetedza kwavo nekugadzirisa zvinodiwa, uye havazive maitiro ekuita ejenareta seti.Vachiri kuashandisa maererano nemafungiro asiriwo echinyakare uye tsika.
1, Kuongororwa kwezvinhu zvinokanganisa kupfeka kwekutanga kwecylinder liner
Vazhinji vashandisi vakambopfeka nguva isati yakwana yemacylinder liner panguva yekushandiswa, uye vamwe vakasanganawo nenyaya dzakadai sekudhonzwa kwecylinder uye piston ring ring.Zvikonzero zvekukuvara uku ndezvizvi:
1. Kwete kutevera kumhanya mune zvakatemwa
Majenareta edhiziri matsva kana akakwenenzverwa anoiswa zvakananga mukushanda kwemutoro pasina kunyatsotevera kumhanya mune zvakatemwa, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kusakara kwakanyanya uye kubvaruka pahumburumbira liner uye zvimwe zvikamu zvejenareta redhiziri padanho rekutanga, kupfupisa hupenyu hwebasa rezvikamu izvi.Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kuti majenareta edhiziri matsva uye akakwenenzverwa anofanirwa kunyatsotevedzera zvinodiwa pakumhanya mukati uye kushanda kwekuyedza.
2. Kuchengetedza kusina hanya
Mamwe maseti ejenareta edhiziri anowanzo shanda munzvimbo dzine guruva, uye vamwe vashandisi havanyatso chengetedza mhepo sefa, zvichikonzera kubuda kwemhepo muchikamu chekuisa chisimbiso, zvichibvumira huwandu hukuru hwemhepo isina kusefa kupinda mucylinder zvakananga, zvichiwedzera kupfeka kwecylinder liner. , piston, uye piston mhete.Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kuti vashandi vekuchengetedza vanofanira kunyatsoongorora uye kunyatsoongorora uye kuchengetedza mhepo sefa panguva yakatarwa kudzivirira mweya usina kusefa kuti upinde muhumburumbira.Pamusoro pezvo, mushure mekugadzirisa, sefa yemhepo haina kuisirwa nemazvo, paine mamwe mapedhi erabha akashaikwa uye mamwe mabhaudhi asina kusimbiswa, zvichikonzera kupera kwekutanga kwecylinder liner.
3. Kuwanda kushandiswa
Kana majenareta edhiziri achiwanzo shandiswa akaremerwa, tembiricha yemuviri inokwira, mafuta ekuzora anoderera, uye mamiriro ekuzora anoderera.Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwemafuta makuru ekupa panguva yekuremerwa kwekushanda, mafuta haana kupiswa zvachose, uye kabhoni inoiswa muhumburumbira yakaoma, iyo inowedzera kupfekedzwa kwecylinder liner, piston, uye piston mhete.Kunyanya kana mhete yepiston yakanamira mugoroko, silinda liner inogona kudhonzwa.Naizvozvo, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kudzivirira kuwandisa kwekushanda kwemajenareta edhiziri uye kuchengetedza yakanaka tekinoroji mamiriro.Pamusoro pezvo, pane madhipoziti akawandisa pamusoro petangi remvura.Kana isina kucheneswa nenguva, inokanganisa kupisa kwekupisa uye kukonzera kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwekushisa kwekushanda kwejenareta yedhiziri, zvichikonzera kuti piston inonamira kune silinda.
4. Nguva refu isina-mutoro kushandiswa
Kushandiswa kwenguva refu kwemajenareta edhiziri pasina mutoro kunogonawo kukurumidzira kupfeka kwe compression system zvikamu.Izvi zvinonyanya nekuti injini inoshanda panguva yakaderera throttle kwenguva yakareba, uye tembiricha yemuviri yakaderera.Kana mafuta akaiswa mucylinder uye akasangana nemhepo inotonhora, haigoni kupisa zvachose, uye inosuka firimu remafuta ekuzora pamadziro ehumburumbira.Panguva imwecheteyo, inogadzira electrochemical corrosion, iyo inowedzera mechanical wear ye cylinder.Naizvozvo, majenareta edhiziri haatenderwe kusashanda kwenguva yakareba panguva yakaderera throttle.
5. Kukanganisa kwegungano
Mhete yekutanga yejenareta yedhiziri ndeye chrome yakaiswa mumhepo mhete, uye chamfer inofanira kunge yakatarisa kumusoro panguva yekugadzirisa uye kusangana.Vamwe vashandi vekugadzirisa vanoisa zvindori zvepiston zvakatarisa pasi uye zvinodzikisira pasi, iyo ine scraping effect uye inowedzera mamiriro ekuzora, kuwedzera kupfekedzwa kwecylinder liner, piston, uye piston mhete.Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kuti uchenjere kuti usaise zvindori zvepiston zvakatsikitsira pasi panguva yekugadzirisa.
6. Maitiro ekuchengetedza asina kunaka
(1) Panguva yekugadzirisa, teerera kuchena kwezvikamu, zvishandiso, uye maoko ako pachako.Usaunze zvinhu zvinoputika zvakadai sesimbi uye madhaka muhumburumbira, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kupera kwekutanga kwecylinder liner.
(2) Panguva yekugadzirisa, hazvina kuwanikwa kuti muromo wekutonhora wekuzora piston wakavharwa, izvo zvaidzivirira mafuta kubva pakupfapfaidza mukati memukati wepiston.Izvi zvakaita kuti musoro wepiston uwedzere kupisa nekuda kwekutadza kutonhora, kukurumidza kupera kwecylinder liner uye piston.Muzviitiko zvakakomba, zvakakonzerawo kuti mhete yepiston ijamu uye iparadze mugororo, uye bhangi remhete rikakuvadzwa.
7. Maitiro ekuchengetedza asina kunaka
(1) Paunenge uchiwedzera mafuta ekuzora panguva yekugadzirisa, zvakakosha kutarisisa kuchena kwemafuta ekuzora uye maturusi ekuzora, zvikasadaro guruva richatakurwa mupani yemafuta.Izvi hazvingokonzeresa kupera kwekutanga kweakatakura magomba, asi zvakare kukonzera kupera kwekutanga kwezvikamu zvakaita secylinder liner.Nokudaro, zvakakosha kubhadhara kuchena kwemafuta ekuzora uye maturusi ekuzadza.Uyezve, zvakakosha kuchengetedza utsanana uye utsanana munzvimbo yekushandiswa.
(2) Majekiseni emafuta eimwe cylinder kana macylinders akati wandei haana kutariswa nenguva, zvichikonzera kubuda kwedhiziri uye dilution yemafuta ekuzora.Vashandi vekutungamira havana kunyatsovaongorora zvakakwana, uye nguva yakati rebei yakatungamira mukupfeka kwecylinder liner.
8. Kupfeka kunokonzerwa nezvikonzero zvemaitiro
(1) Mamiriro asina kunaka ekuzora anokonzeresa kusakara kwakanyanya pachikamu chepamusoro checylinder liner.Chikamu chepamusoro checylinder liner chiri padyo nekamuri yekupisa, ine tembiricha yakanyanya uye yakashata yekuzora.Mhepo yakachena uye isina kupera mafuta inosuka uye inoderedza, ichiwedzera kuparara kwemamiriro ekumusoro, zvichiita kuti silinda ive munzvimbo yakaoma kana yakaoma yakaoma friction state, ndicho chikonzero chekupfeka kwakanyanya pamusoro pepamusoro pe cylinder.
(2) Chikamu chepamusoro chinotakura dzvinyiriro huru, zvichiita kuti humburumbira irambe ichipfeka zvakanyanya uye zvishoma.Iyo piston mhete inotsikirirwa zvakasimba pamadziro ecylinder pasi pesimba rayo re elastic uye kumashure kumanikidzwa.Iyo yakakwira kudzvanywa kwakanaka, kunowedzera kuoma kuumba nekuchengetedza firimu remafuta ekuzora, uye kupfeka kwemuchina kunowedzera.Munguva yebasa rekurohwa, sezvo piston inodzika, kudzvanywa kwakanaka kunoderera zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichiita kuti kurema kwepamusoro uye kureruka kuderera kwecylinder kupfeka.
(3) Mineral acids uye organic acids zvinokonzera ngura uye kusvuura pamusoro pehumburumbira.Mushure mekupisa kwemusanganiswa unopisa muhumburumbira, mhute yemvura uye acidic oxides inogadzirwa, iyo inonyungudika mumvura kuita mineral acids.Mukuwedzera, iyo organic acids inogadzirwa panguva yekupisa ine corrosive effect pamusoro pehumburumbira.Zvinhu zvinoparadza zvinokweshwa zvishoma nezvishoma nemhete dzepiston panguva yekukweshana, zvichikonzera deformation yecylinder liner.
(4) Kupinda kusvibiswa kwemagetsi kunowedzera kupfeka pakati pehumburumbira.Hupfu mumhepo uye kusvibiswa mumafuta ekuzora anogona kupinda mupiston uye cylinder madziro, zvichikonzera abrasive kupfeka.Kana guruva kana tsvina inofamba ichidzoka uye mberi nepiston muhumburumbira, kupfeka pakati pehumburumbira kunowedzerwa nekuda kwekumhanya kukuru kwekufamba munzvimbo yepakati yecylinder.
2, Kugadziriswa kwehumburumbira liner kupfeka
1. Hunhu hwekutanga kupfeka uye kubvaruka
Mwero wekupfeka wesimbi silinda liner yakakura kudarika 0.1mm/kh, uye pamusoro pecylinder liner ine tsvina, iine zviri pachena kudhonza kana kuruma zviitiko zvakaita sekukwenya, kukwenya, uye misodzi.Rusvingo rwehumburumbira rune zvinopisa zviitiko zvakaita seblueing;Zvimedu zvezvigadzirwa zvekupfeka zvakakura.
2. Migumisiro uye zvinodiwa zvehumburumbira liner kupfeka
(1) Mhedzisiro: Ukobvu hwemadziro hunodzikira, kutenderera uye cylindricity kukanganisa kunowedzera.Kana kupfekedzwa kwecylinder liner kunopfuura (0.4% ~ 0.8%) D, kamuri yekupisa inorasikirwa nekuiswa chisimbiso uye simba reinjini yedhiziri rinoderera.
(2) Chinodiwa: Vashandi vekuchengetedza vanofanirwa kuongorora cylinder liner kupfeka zvinoenderana nemirairo, kubata uye kutonga mamiriro ekupfeka silinda liner, uye kudzivirira kupfeka zvakanyanya.
3. Nzira yekuona ye cylinder liner kupfeka
Kuonekwa kwekupfeka pane yemukati denderedzwa pamusoro pedhiziri injini cylinder liners inogona kunyanya kuitwa kuburikidza nenzira dzinotevera:
(1) Theoretical nzira: Zvichienderana nehukuru, zvinhu, uye dhigirii rekupfeka kweinjini yedhiziri cylinder liner, verenga kana tarisa kune theoretical curves kuona dhigirii rekupfeka kwemukati denderedzwa rehumburumbira liner.
(2) Nzira yekuongorora yekuona: Shandisa maziso asina kupfeka kana maikorosikopu kuti utarise zvakananga kupfekwa kwemukati wecylinder liner.Kazhinji, makadhi ekuyera kana vatongi chaiwo vanoshandiswa kubatsira mukuona kudzika kwekupfeka.
(3) Parameter yekuona nzira: kushandisa zvishandiso zvekuona senge micrometers, oscilloscopes, nezvimwewo, kuona dhayamita kana kupfeka nzvimbo yemukati denderedzwa re cylinder liner, kuti uone dhigirii chaiyo yekupfeka kwepamusoro.
(4) Yakanyanya kutarisisa nzira yekuona: Kushandisa yakakwirira-chaiyo yekuona matekinoroji akadai sekuona photoelectric uye laser scanning, matatu-dimensional inspection inoitwa mukati meiyo cylinder sleeve kuti uwane chaiyo yekupfeka data.
(5) Nzira yekuona isina chombo
Kana pasina kumira template yekuyera uye paine kushomeka kwemirairo uye zvimwe zvinhu, zvinotevera zvinzvimbo zvina zvinogona kutaurwa kune cylinder liner kupfeka kuyerwa:
① Kana piston iri panzvimbo yepamusoro yakafa, nzvimbo ye cylinder wall inoenderana neyekutanga piston mhete;
② Kana piston iri pakati pekurova kwayo, nzvimbo ye cylinder wall inoenderana nemhete yekutanga yepiston;
③ Kana piston iri pakati pekurova kwayo, cylinder wall inoenderana neyekupedzisira mafuta scraper mhete.
3, Matanho ekudzivirira kusakara nekukurumidza
1. Kururamisa-kutanga
Kana uchitanga injini yedhiziri ine injini inotonhora, tembiricha yakaderera, viscosity yakakwira yemafuta, uye kusanaya kwemvura kunokonzera kusakwana kwemafuta kubva papombi yemafuta.Panguva imwecheteyo, mafuta ari pamudhuri wecylinder yepakutanga anoyerera achitevedza madziro ecylinder mushure mekuvhara, zvichikonzera kushambidzika kwemafuta panguva yekutanga, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kupfeka pamadziro ecylinder panguva yekutanga.Naizvozvo.Kana uchitanga kekutanga, injini yedhiziri inofanirwa kudziyirwa panguva yekusatakura-mutoro, yozoshandiswa pamutoro kana tembiricha inotonhorera inosvika 60 ℃.
2. Kusarudzwa kwakarurama kwemafuta ekuzora
(1) Nyatsosarudza yakanakisa viscosity yekuzora mafuta zvinoenderana nemwaka uye dhiziri mashandiro ekuita zvinodiwa, usatenge yakaderera mafuta ekuzora, uye gara uchitarisa uye chengetedza huwandu uye mhando yemafuta ekuzora.Kusimbisa kuchengetedza kwe "mafirita matatu" chiyero chakakosha chekudzivirira kusvibiswa kwemichina kupinda muhumburumbira, kuderedza cylinder kupfeka, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa rejini.Kunyanya kukosha kumaruwa uye kune mhepo uye nzvimbo dzejecha.
(2) Teerera kutarisa kuvharwa mukati meoiri inotonhorera.Nzira yekuongorora ndeyekuona kuti hapana mhute yemvura mupombi yekufema ye crankcase.Kana paine mhute yemvura, inoratidza kuti pane mvura muoiri yeinjini.Kana mamiriro ezvinhu aya akaoma, mafuta einjini anoshanduka kuva chena semukaka.Paunenge uchivhura chivharo chevhavha, madonhwe emvura anogona kuonekwa.Paunenge uchibvisa iyo injini yemafuta sefa musangano, inowanikwa kuti pane kuunganidzwa kwemvura mukati.Mukuwedzera, zvakakosha kutarisa kana pane kuwedzera kwemafuta muhari yemafuta panguva yekushandiswa, uye kana pane dizeli mukati.Kana iripo, majekiseni emafuta anofanirwa kuongororwa uye kuenzana.
3. Chengetedza kupisa kwekushanda kwejini injini
Iyo yakajairika tembiricha yekushanda yeinjini yedhiziri ndeye 80-90 ℃.Kana kutonhora kwakanyanya kuderera uye mafuta akanaka haagone kuchengetedzwa, inowedzera kupfekedzwa kwe cylinder wall.Iyo mhute yemvura mukati mehumburumbira inonyura kuita madonhwe emvura, inonyungudutsa mamorekuru egasi ane acidic mugasi rekubuda, kuburitsa zvinhu zvine acidic, uye kukonzera ngura uye kupfeka pamadziro ecylinder.Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti kana tembiricha yemudhuri wemadziro ichidonha kubva pa90 ℃ kusvika pa50 ℃, kupfekwa kwecylinder kunopeta kana kupfuura 90 ℃.Kana kutonhora kwakanyanya, kunoderedza simba rehumburumbira uye kuwedzera kupfeka, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kukuwedzera kwepiston kuwedzera uye kukonzera "cylinder kuwedzera" njodzi.Naizvozvo, tembiricha yemvura yejenareta yedhiziri inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa pakati pe74 ~ 91 ℃ uye isingapfuure 93 ℃.Mukuwedzera, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi chekutenderera kwakajairika kweiyo inotonhorera system.Kana chero mvura inotonhorera inoputika inowanikwa mutangi yekuwedzera, inofanira kuongororwa uye kubviswa panguva yakakodzera.
4. Kuvandudza hutano hwekuchengetedza
Panguva yekushandiswa, kurumidza kugadzirisa chero nyaya uye wotsiva kana gadzirisa zvikamu zvakakuvara kana zvakaremara chero nguva.Paunenge uchiisa silinda, zvinodikanwa kunyatsoongorora uye kuunganidza zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi zvinodiwa.Mune waranti mhete yekutsiva oparesheni, sarudza mhete yepiston ine elasticity yakakodzera.Kana iyo elasticity yakanyanya kudiki, gasi richapinda mu crankcase uye kuputika mafuta pamadziro ecylinder, ichiwedzera kupfeka kwe cylinder wall;Kuwedzeredza kwakanyanyisa kuchawedzera kupfekedzwa kwemadziro e cylinder, kana kuwedzera kupfeka kwayo nekuda kwekukuvadzwa kwefirimu remafuta pamadziro ecylinder.
5. Simbisa kuchengetedza
(1) Kunyatsogadzirisa maitiro, kunatsiridza hutano hwekuchengetedza, kunyanya kusimbisa kuchengetedza kwe "mafirita matatu", uye panguva imwechete, ita basa rakanaka mukuchenesa mhepo, mafuta, uye mafuta ekuzora.Kunyanya iyo sefa yemhepo inofanirwa kugara ichichengetedzwa, iyo nzira yekupinda inofanirwa kuve isina kukuvadzwa, kucheneswa kunofanirwa kuitwa nemazvo, uye kusangana kunofanirwa kuitwa nemazvo zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa pasina kurasikirwa nezvikamu kana kutora mapfupi emhepo.Kana iyo mhepo inopikisa sefa inoratidzira mwenje pane mudziyo wekushandisa uripo panguva yekushandiswa, inoratidza kuti kupikisa kwesefa kwasvika 6kPa, uye chinhu chesefa chinofanira kucheneswa kana kutsiviwa nekukasira.
(2) Deredza huwandu hwekutonhora kunotanga kweinjini dzedhiziri zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
(3) Chengetedza tembiricha yakajairika yeinjini yedhiziri uye dzivirira kushanda kwenguva refu pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya uye mitoro inorema.
(4) Shandisa mafuta ekuzora anoenderana nezvinodiwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuzora zvakanaka;Kunyatsotevera maitiro ekushandisa kushandisa dizeli jenareta seti.
(5) Kuchena kwakakwana kwedhiziri kunofanira kuve nechokwadi.Nemhaka yokuti kuchena kwedhiziri kunobata zvakananga hupenyu hwebasa repamusoro-pressure pombi uye majekiseni, vagadziri vanoda kuti dizeli rinoshandiswa richeneswe.Kazhinji, dhiziri rinofanirwa kupinda maawa makumi mana nemasere ekudonha risati rawedzera mafuta.Paunenge uchiwedzera mafuta, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune kuchena kweakasiyana maturusi ekuwedzera mafuta.Mukuwedzera, zvakakosha kuomerera kune zuva nezuva basa remvura yemafuta-mvura separator.Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kunyange kana dizeli yakacheneswa yakashandiswa, zvakaoma kuve nechokwadi kuti haina mvura.Zvisinei, mukushanda kunoshanda, vashandi vakawanda vanowanzotarisa pfungwa iyi, zvichiita kuti mvura iwedzere kuunganidza.
Pfupiso:
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kurongeka uye kurongeka kwechiridzwa chekuyedza kunofanirwa kuchengetedzwa panguva yekuedzwa.Kuyedzwa kunofanirwa kuitwa munzvimbo yakachena kudzivirira kukanganisa, uye chiyero chekupfeka chinofanirwa kutongwa zvichibva pane chaiwo mamiriro ekushandisa kuti uone kana kugadzirisa kana kutsiva kwakakosha.Kudzidzira kwakaratidza kuti chero matanho anotsanangurwa muchinyorwa chino achinyatsotevedzwa, kukuvara kwekutanga kwecylinder yedhiziri seti yejenareta kunogona kudzivirirwa zvinobudirira, uye hupenyu hwesevhisi hwemaseti ejenareta redhiziri hunogona kuwedzerwa zvinobudirira, nekudaro zvichiunza hupfumi hwakawanda.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-14-2024